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[...] were males. The third, a female, was in full vigour and quite perfect, but on the 20th her wings were battered, and her activity diminished, nevertheless she commenced laying, but her eggs were unimpregnated. “On the 21st another fine female appeared, and on the 22nd an active male. In a few days the former laid many eggs, which were perfectly [...]
[...] As a set-off against these disappointments, a fresh supply of eggs, which had been procured for us by the Council, was received by the Honorary Secretary of the branch on the 17th of last July. A portion of this wel [...]
[...] pectedly developed into moths as early as the 23rd of October, and in a few days another moth made its appearance. From these three precocious moths a number of fertilised eggs proceeded, and are carefully preserved in a cool place by Dr. Collings. On the chance of any worms being [...]
[...] experiments are fortunately the most successful. THE YAMMA-MAI SILKWoRM. Through the kindness of Monsr. Ramel, a consignment of the eggs of the Yamma-Mai silkworm has been received by Mr. Bush. These wºrms feed upon the leaves of common oak. The season is as yet hardly ad [...]
[...] the cocoons are produced in Japai: that caused the failure of the experiment) but that it was rather bad treatment and the bad condition of the eggs, when imported, that interfered with the prosperity of the Yama mayu. From the 89,000 eggs imported in 1864–65, which, according to the palmphlet of [...]
[...] IMPORTATION OF SILKWORMS' EGGS INTO FRANCE. IN a late article on the Silkworm epidemic, we noticed a fraudulent practice which has grown up in France, [...]
[...] that the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and of Commerce have issued a joint decree to prevent frauds which might be committed by the sale of silkworms' eggs, not coming from Japan, being placed in boxes used to import supplies from that country. All French agents in Japan are to be required to [...]
[...] to France. Instructions have also been sent to the Minister of France at Yedo as to certain precautions to be taken in the transmission of living cocoons and eggs; the same to be communicated to all who may be desirous of such information. The Government, however, in adopting those measures does [...]
[...] communicated to all who may be desirous of such information. The Government, however, in adopting those measures does not intend to guarantee the quality of the eggs imported from Japan, but only their bona ſide origin. [...]
[...] of June last announced the complete acclimatisation of the ailante worms, and gave the names of persons in six different departments of France who were prepared to furnish eggs to those who required them. M. Guerin Meneville, in his “Revue de Sericulture Comparée" gives other names and fuller information [...]
[...] The following notification is one of many inserted in the Nishin Shinjishi :— All makers and traders in silkworm eggs throughout the country are hereby notified that :— “Although certain rules for manufacturing silkworm eggs were [...]
[...] “Although certain rules for manufacturing silkworm eggs were laid down in the proclamation of the 4th month of last year, the manufacturers and sellers of silkworm egg cards are disposed to take little trouble, and, it is said, are disobediently making the egg; roughly. The value of this celebrated article of production [...]
[...] couraged in their diminishing the production, it is hereby for bidden to trade in carelessly manufactured cards. It is forbidden tº, sell what are laid upon common cards—bad silk eggs—as Yots ziki Natsako or eggs of second birth, mixed eggs, &c. [...]
[...] “Any persons desirous of manufacturing silkworms' egg cards, and buying cocoons signing the cards with his own name, the producing district will not be known. Therefore, if silkworms’ [...]
[...] and buying cocoons signing the cards with his own name, the producing district will not be known. Therefore, if silkworms’ egg sellers buy cocoons of other people, the cards they manufac ture must be signed with the name of the original seller of the Cocoons. [...]
[...] all the villages. “Any persons disregarding this proclamation will be punished lºſing to the previous laws upon silkworms' eggs manufac ure. [...]
[...] least a tenth of this whole, and in the year 1853 her produce was valued at 117 millions of francs. To produce this result no less than eighty-three tons of eggs and six hundred thou sand tons of mulberry leaves are required. In ordinary times the cost of the eggs or seed was between £120,000 and £160,000 [...]
[...] good times the eggs or seed was worth only one or two francs per ounce and it was often given away amongst the breeders ; now they have to pay [...]
[...] only all over France, but also to Italy, Spain and the East, in fact to every silk-producing country except Japan. All agree that none but Japanese eggs are at present of any use ; only the other day the President of the Agricultural Committee of Alais wrote as follows:—“Generally, all the indigenous [...]
[...] yield sufficient to pay the taxes.” The petitioners ask the Government for relief in the matter of taxes; for the means of transporting the eggs from abroad in good condition; or for employment in public works for the suffering workpeople, and to institute a searching inquiry into the causes and possible [...]
[...] La Gatine. Of all these means the only one which is calcu lated to supply immediately the deficiency complained of, is the importation of Japanese eggs at a price lower than twenty francs an ounce, a rate which the poor breeder cannot pay. Two reasons are given for the conveyance of the seed in ships [...]
[...] Two reasons are given for the conveyance of the seed in ships belonging to the Imperial marine; in the first place, it is neces sary that the eggs should not be carried in the same vessel with other commodities which might affect them injuriously, and that they should be disposed that the cases could be [...]
[...] the official returns that while during the first quarter of 1864 there were 5,066 kilogs., or rather more than five tons of silk worms' eggs exported from France, the quantity of this precious seed sent away during the first three months of the present year was 11,225 kilogs, or more than double the [...]
[...] covered with insects of all colours and sizes. The worm which feeds on the last named tree is considered to be completely ac climatised, and its eggs are now being distributed as fast as possible, but not fast enough for the demand. [...]
[...] JAPANESE SILKWORMS' EGGS IN FRANCE. It was only the other day that the arrival of Japanese seed in France was looked forward to with feverish anxiety, and the [...]
[...] worms to appear before they could be provided for was really intense. When the Tycoon's present to the Emperor of ten thousand cards of eggs arrived, an experienced person was sent to examine the precious packages and see that no mischief had occurred, and M. Leon de Rosny, as we mentioned at the [...]
[...] on the cards. The eggs were then worth twenty francs a card, that is to say, sixteen shillings an ounce, the breeders were clamourous, as was said, for the eggs, and, therefore, ten thou [...]
[...] clamourous, as was said, for the eggs, and, therefore, ten thou sand cards, or ounces, were a matter of very serious moment. The eggs were found not only to be unhatched, but in excellent preservation; the Japanese inscriptions were duly translated and recorded by the learned professor, and so far all being satisfac [...]
[...] or ten, or five, but to one franc per card, and at the present moment buyers are not to be found even at that very low figure, a price at which French eggs are commonly sold even in the most prosperous times. The dismay amongst importers is great, as may be supposed ; large importations have been made [...]
[...] Emperor found himself in possession of ten thousand or more cards of seed under such circumstances, a very serious difficulty arose ; the sale or the giving away of such a mass of eggs would be equally ruinous to other holders, who would find their stock absolutely worthless. A consultation was therefore held [...]
[...] would be equally ruinous to other holders, who would find their stock absolutely worthless. A consultation was therefore held upon the subject, and it was wisely determined that the eggs in the hands of the Government should not be sold, but should be distributed through the prefects to such persons as wanted [...]
[...] them for purely experimental and scientific and not for a com mercial purpose, or to such small breeders as were positively too poor to purchase eggs at any price. The occurrence fur nishes one of the most curious instances of the effect of a de ranged industry, and a commercial leap in the dark, that we re [...]
[...] mitted his fault and offered to pay $150 to the plaintiff as compensation, so that he might prosecute his voyage as he was in charge of a valuable cargo of silkworms' eggs, and did not like being left behind. The offer was indignantly refused, and an absurdly exorbitant sum demanded. The defendant [...]
[...] light, and of finest only a few trifling parcels have as yet been received. RAw SILK.—SHANGHAI.-This steamertakes 1,484 bales silk for South ampton, 291 do. for Marseilles, and 839 cases silkworms' eggs for Suez and Marseilles. During the past fortnight business has been on a reduced scale, and settlements are limited to 300 to 400 bales; buyers apparently finding [...]
[...] * * * HAMBURG, Dec. 23. With regard to the question of the free exportation of silk worms' eggs from Japan, the Trieste Zeitung contains the fol lowing remarks:– - “It is well known that the hopes of all the silk producers in those coun [...]
[...] other parts of Asia, which have all been tried in succession and found lamentably wanting. It is, therefore, no wonder the sale of silkworms' eggs should now have become an important branch of trade, not only at Yokohama but also at Hong Kong. “Hitherto there was a prohibition [...]
[...] for the genuineness of the goods, and the high premiums paid to smug glers gave rise to the most atrocious falsifications in China and even in Europe, cases having been detected where real Japan eggs have been detached from the original paper, and spurious ones substituted. * - “ Under these circumstances it is pleasant to know that the Govern [...]
[...] “ Under these circumstances it is pleasant to know that the Govern ment of Japan has abolished the prohibition and thrown open the export trade in silkworms' eggs to general competition, placing them on the same footing as the other articles of export permitted by the treaties. The obtaining this valuable commo ſity is thus [...]
[...] greatly facilitated, and , Italian, French, and Austrian experts may now be sent out as special agents to Yokohama to make purchases of silk worms' eggs, which is the more desirable as the Japanese are not ac uainted with the mode of packing them for a long sea voyage, and the purchaser has to run the risk of their arriving in a spoiled or defective [...]
[...] pleasure advise them how to proceed, and the overland route is specially pointed out as the best and quickest, both, for the conveyance of the persons and the silkworms' eggs, which take up but little space and less weight. Those who go out in March may, arrive in Japan' via Hong Kong before the period of egg crop–which is from [...]
[...] of the Liverpool house of Messrs. Charles Saunders and Co. The English maintain, and this is important for those who have no special agent in Japan, that the silkworms' eggs can be obtained by way of Liver pool for half the price they would cost by the usual route to Marseilles or Genoa. It may here be mentioned that the Austrian Consuls at Liver. [...]
[...] ool and Hong Kong, as well as the one at Shanghai, have received special instructions from the Minister at Vienna to pay every attention to the execution of orders for silkworms' eggs, and give their best advice and assistance to Austrian subjects applying to them for information no the subject.” - [...]
[...] R. JENNEN ADAM CAIRD W. EGGE W. S. FOSTER J. PESTONJEE [...]
[...] the same month. FRAUDS IN SILKWORMS EGGS. The Florence correspondent of The Times writes as follows:– “You are aware that of late years there has been a very large impor [...]
[...] The Florence correspondent of The Times writes as follows:– “You are aware that of late years there has been a very large impor tation of silkworms' eggs from Japan to Italy, with a view to repairing the ravages of disease among the worms in this country. To a consider able extent the plan has proved successful, although the descendants of the [...]
[...] generation—the mysterious affliction which has long played such havoc with one of the most important and lucrative of Italian productions. Latterly, complaints have been heard even of the eggs imported direct from Japan. To all appearance they were of good quality, but it seemed they were not proof against the prevailing epidemic. A [...]
[...] detected. The Minister declares it to have come to his know ledge that a great number of cases containing empty papers of the kind in which the Japanese eggs are usually sent have been received by a Milan house. These papers are duly stamped and inscribed in Japanese: they bear the Custom-house mark usually put on them at Yedo on their [...]
[...] they bear the Custom-house mark usually put on them at Yedo on their way to the Yokohama market. The Minister declares it beyond a doubt that these papers were intended to receive Italian eggs, which would be sold to the public as genuine Japanese—thus discrediting the only eggs on which is now based a hope of reviving sericulture in this country. The [...]
[...] which is now based a hope of reviving sericulture in this country. The discovery appears to have been due to the refusal of certain Japanese houses to submit their papers of eggs to the inspection and stamp of the Italian agents and consuls in Japan. The Minister promises great vigil ance to defeat these frauds, for, he adds, he has reason to believe that other [...]
[...] the cocoons produced in the provinces which now compose the kingdom of Italy was upwards of four millions sterling. To obtain this there had been imported 56,129 kilogrammes of eggs, at a cost of 24 millions of francs, or nearly a million sterling." [...]
[...] number of letters and reports received from the principal silk-growing centres, a good yield is obtained only from worms proceeding from Japa mese eggs. The eggs of worms hatched from Japanese eggs often prove a failure as regards produce of silk, but there are exceptions, as in the Province of Bergamo, where the crop is reported good even from the [...]
[...] mail, and this staple, at least, continues to exhibit signs of vitality. Silk is not particularly lively, and the out-look for silk-worm egg producers during next season is anything but satisfactory. Notwithstanding the discouraging aspect of affairs, those who have resided for any length of time in this country [...]
[...] that in the matter of production 1874 was as favourable to France as it was in regard to corn and wine, but the quality was inferior to 1873. A slightly smaller quantity of eggs was hatched than in 1873; but their yield was very much more productive. Of the eggs about 47 per cent. were of French origin, the remainder foreign, chiefly from [...]
[...] their yield was very much more productive. Of the eggs about 47 per cent. were of French origin, the remainder foreign, chiefly from Japan. The native eggs are chiefly produced in the Western Pyrenees, the War, the Lower Alps, Corsica, and Algeria. In these districts there is little or no production of silk, the industry being almost [...]
[...] the War, the Lower Alps, Corsica, and Algeria. In these districts there is little or no production of silk, the industry being almost confined to the rearing of eggs. And it is curious that the eggs as produced are turned to account only in the extreme south, the more northern departments being supplied for the greatest part from abroad, [...]
[...] departments of the Gard, the Vaucluse, and the Drome. The industry is almost confined to twenty-one departments, the Western Pyrenees, the Dordogne, Corsica, and Algeria engaging it only to produce eggs for sale. The season in Italy was very similar to what it was in France, and [...]
[...] WORLD.—Makes delicious Bread * without Yeast; Puddings, Pastry, &c., r" without Eggs, Butter or Lard. Bread LZ made with this Powder is much easier to digest, and much more wholesome than [...]
[...] be introduced with success into the south and west of England, which differ very little, if at all, from this climate. The oakworm, or yama-mai, of Japan is a monopoly of the Royal family, and to sell or export the eggs is punishable with death. Hence the complete ignorance which exists respecting this valuable insect. In 1861 M. Duchesne de Bellecourt, the [...]
[...] is punishable with death. Hence the complete ignorance which exists respecting this valuable insect. In 1861 M. Duchesne de Bellecourt, the French Consul-General in Japan, sent some of the egg: “” the Société d'Acclimatation, but as nothing was known of the habits of the insect only one worm survived to make its cocoon. - - - - [...]
[...] M. Ponyse von Meerdeworth, a Dutch marine officer, director of the Im perial Medical School at Nagasaki. M. Personnat, of Laval, received a few of the eggs, and after three generations he had in May, 1865, 20,000 worms on his oaks at Laval. The following is an abridgment of his report: [...]
[...] generations he had in May, 1865, 20,000 worms on his oaks at Laval. The following is an abridgment of his report: The eggs are easily preserved through the winter if kept dry, and in the spring, when the oaks come into leaf, to hatch the eggs it only requires that they should be placed in a room with a southern aspect. The worms [...]
[...] feed upon any kind of oak, grow rapidly, cast their skins four times, and in 60 or 65 days begin their cocoons. After the first change or even from the egg they may be exposed to the open air, as they are unaffected by the weather (as, however, in England we often have sharp frosts in May and June, I should advise a little nursing under cover until the oak leaves [...]
[...] The Austrian Minister for Commerce has received supple mentary despatches from the Imperial Consul at Singapore con taining additional particulars about Japanese silkworms' eggs, which he has published for general information. The Minister then goes on to say that he has received despatches from the [...]
[...] make known that they have received from their house at Yoka hama a considerable supply of genuine Japan green and white eggs, which may be purchased at Marseilles of their corres pondents, Messrs. Salevy, Son, and Co., packed in original boxes, each containing 200 cartoons, at 15 fraucs per cartoon. [...]
[...] observed on the journey from Dhalimkote, our servants meeting with re fusal on every occasion that they endeavoured to purchase provisions, such as eggs and fowls. A good deal of cotton also is grown in different parts, especially near the foot of the hills. It has a large pod, and is of good quality; but little care, however, is expended in the cultivation. In regard [...]
[...] 56,181 kilogrammes, being an excess of 10,300 kilogrammes over the previous week. The greatest anxiety is evinced concerning the supply of Japanese eggs; of two millions of cards ordered only 1,400,000 have arrived to the present time. The sale of manufactured silks, especially plain goods, was large at the end of the year, and the looms are now hard [...]
[...] The double meaning of the French word carton has given rise to an error with respect to the fraud which has been per petrated in connection with Japanese eggs. Carton signifies a paper or pasteboard box as well as a piece of pasteboard or cardboard, and it should be explained that it is not the boxes [...]
[...] cardboard, and it should be explained that it is not the boxes of the Acclimatization Society which have been bought up filled with worthless European eggs and then sold as Japanese, but the pieces of cardboard themselves, upon which the Japanese eggs are fixed, and which are marked previously to the deposit [...]
[...] but the pieces of cardboard themselves, upon which the Japanese eggs are fixed, and which are marked previously to the deposit of the eggs with large Japanese characters. Of course such a fraud was likely to be successful, as few would suspect the deposit of French eggs on these old Japanese cards. The an [...]
[...] nouncement that the French authorities in Japan will, in future, affix a special stamp or mark, with the date of the year, on all sheets of silkworms' eggs to be sent from Japan, by persons of all nations, without any charge, and, further, that instructions as to the precautious to be taken in the arrangement and trans [...]
[...] exhibition, where hundreds of these beautiful creatures are feed ing and spinning, while hosts of the great moths are busy laying eggs for another generation ; there are also large quantities of cocoons and specimens of the silk, raw and dyed. Some of the results exhibited are those produced directly [...]
[...] quantities of cocoons and specimens of the silk, raw and dyed. Some of the results exhibited are those produced directly from the Japanese eggs, while others are those of insects of the third and fourth generation in Europe. In addition to the Ailanthus worms may also be seen, feeding on the same [...]
[...] these worms in France, the methods of arranging the cocoons so as to allow sufficient air for the development of the chrysalis, and of keeping the moths while depositing their eggs, all in positive use, and therefore supplying more information at a glance than could be obtained from a dozen volumes of de [...]
[...] Moravia, Sunderland to Hong Kong, July 17, 16 N., 28 W. Doelwyk (Dut. ship), Rotterdam to Batavia, Aug., 9, 10 N., 25 W. SYDNEY Egg eas, London to Hong Kong, Aug. 11, 14 N., 25 W. MacAssak (Dutch barque), for Macassar, July 15, 33 S., 19 W. Quintet, Amsterdam to Sourabaya, July 26, 8 N., 25 W. [...]
[...] consequence of the injuries received. - A native paper, the Mainichi Shimbun, referring to the over supply of silkworms' eggs, which results annually in a large number being destroyed, suggests that the Government ought to prohibit for a time the export of eggs, except to carry out orders [...]
[...] prohibit for a time the export of eggs, except to carry out orders from abroad. It adds that as it would be much more inconve nient for foreigners to give orders for silkworms' eggs than to. buy them when offered for sale in the market, and when they can beat down the price, a prohibition as above-mentioned would [...]
[...] buy them when offered for sale in the market, and when they can beat down the price, a prohibition as above-mentioned would for a time cause the export of silkworms' eggs to be entirely dis continued ; but this need not be regretted until the Japanese have ascertained whether the silkworms' eggs of France and Italy [...]
[...] have ascertained whether the silkworms' eggs of France and Italy are inferior to their own or not. If they are superior to theirs the export of silkworms' eggs from Japan would cease by itself, without the aid of any Government prohibition, because French and Italian dealers will not travel many thousand miles to fetch. [...]
[...] themselves. But a Government Fº would nevertheless have the good effect that it would hasten that state of things, and turn the attention of Japan merchants from silkworms' eggs to silk thread. The examinations of the principals in the recent attempt to. [...]
[...] steamers: Silk, to London, $9 per cwt.; d.o., to Marseilles, Brindisi, An cona, Venice, $9 ; do., Lyons and Milan, $9.60. Tea, to London, £4 per ton of 40 c. ft., or per agreement. Silk-worm Eggs, to France and Italy, 29% cents per lb. gross. Per Ocean Steamship Company's steamers (via Shanghai): To London, silk, $5.50 per bale; tea, £47s. 6d. per [...]
[...] Egyptian customs, &c., go to confirm the early intercourse which must have existed. The Greeks knew of the use of silk in the time of Alexander the great, and they got it from Indian merchants. The eggs of the silkworm and the seeds of the mulberry tree were introduced into Europe in the sixth century by a Nestorian monk returning from [...]
