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[...] ment of a colossal cornice. As the sun sank the ice took a most lovely pink or mauve tint, and when we came close up to the berg it showed out veined in a wonderful way with lines of deep cobalt-blue. The ice was perfectly pure and clear. The bergs which we were passing at this [...]
[...] were some large tabular icebergs along the southern horizon. In the afternoon we passed close to a beautiful berg, very irregular in form, all the curves and shadows of a most splendid blue. The lower portion of the side of the iceberg next us formed a long steep slope into the [...]
[...] deluding us into the idea that they were low-sloping gently from the water, and that it might be possible to land upon them. All the very large bergs, and some of them were one or two miles in length, were table-topped, evidently retaining their original position. [...]
[...] most of them table-topped, and showing little evidence of change of form ; and all day, on the southern horizon, berg after berg rose solemnly out of the water, at first a white line only, the blue bounding-cliff growing in height as we ran southwards. Shortly after noon we crossed the [...]
[...] direction. The whole of the horizon to the south-east was closed by a chain of very uniform and symmetrical flat topped bergs, all about 200 feet high above the water, one upwards of three miles in length, and several between one and two miles. [...]
[...] main topsail aback, and under this sail the ship fortu nately gathered stern-way, keeping broadside to the wind, and we drifted past the berg. Towards evening the wind fell a little, and we moved about all night between two bergs, whose position we knew, keeping as much as [...]
[...] cessive accumulations of snow upon a nearly level surface. The spaces between the trans verse blue lines on the bergs may possibly represent approximately the snow accumula tion of successive seasons. The direct radiant [...]
[...] chiefly due to the foreign material filling the fissure reflecting light less perfectly than the general surface of the berg. In one or two distant bergs there seemed to be thick hori zontal beds of ice deeply coloured brown or [...]
[...] an effect of light. In the pack, which is made up of fragments of all sizes of berg-ice mixed with masses of salt-water ice, the berg-ice is almost always either white with pale-blue streaks, blue with [...]
[...] WE have received from Herr Schmiit, publisher, Zürich, Dr. Hermann Berge’s “Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte von Aryophyllum Calycinum,” and Dr. Gustav Schoch's “Die Schweizerischen Orthopteren.” [...]
[...] supposing that one-seventh part of the ice is raised above the water, supposing also that the berg is symmetrical in form, which, from its appearance and probable mode of origin is likely to be the case; before it has [...]
[...] been subjected to the action of the sea, the submerged portion would be 1,200 feet in depth, the berg would float in water 200 fathoms deep, and the average thickness of the land ice-cap would be 1,400 feet. [...]
[...] the more obscure phenomena of ice. I have mentioned the gradual diminution in thickness of the strata of ice in a berg from the top of the berg downwards. The re gularity of this diminution leaves it almost without a doubt that the layers observed are in the same category, and [...]
[...] water at the surface of the sea rises to zero and slightly above it, and dashing against the windward side of the berg, partly by its mechanical action, but more by the constant and rapid renewal of the warm water, it [...]
[...] able with the plane of the top of the iceberg. The sea now washes up on the low portion which has been exposed by the tilting of the berg, which it soon [...]
[...] lightened, that the preponderating weight of the opposite side raises the newly exposed portion out of the water; giving the berg a double outline and the veining a high | inclination. | We frequently saw table-topped icebergs with the upper [...]
[...] the sea. Fig. 2 gives an idea of the form of a beautiful vaulted berg. The sea was washing through and through it; and as we passed close by, we sat gazing, entranced, at the marvellous beauty of the colouring of the vaults of ice, [...]
[...] and a quantity of débris floating round it showed that the whole fabric was undergoing rapid change. Some few of the bergs which we saw were tilted up to an angle of upwards of 50°, and in various ways—by the inclination of the bergs, by the denudation of successive [...]
[...] exposed, a gradual approximation of the lines of stratifi cation and deepening of the blue colour. Sometimes we saw small bergs which were very irregular in form, with all marked prominences rounded off, per fectly clear, and of a deep sapphire blue. These I con [...]
[...] had just traversed. When we came nearer, however, I was sur: prised to see before me a plain which was unbroken by any “berg-ăsar,” though I knew, from last year's observation, that [...]
[...] the westward. They reported that it was a well-sheltered harbour, thickly coated with this season's ice, but that the continuous wall formed by the grounded floe. bergs across the entrance to it would effectually prevent our entering. [...]
[...] server, in addition to his medical duties. kept himself fully employed in many branches of natural science ; his in vestigations embraced studies of the floe-bergs and floes, [...]
[...] the expedition, and of my intention to proceed to the southward. On the 31st, after considerable labour to clear away a passage through the barrier of floe-bergs which had so well protected us during the winter, we suc ceeded during a strong south-west wind, which drove the [...]
[...] breaking into a number of pieces with a great commotion and raising a wave sufficiently to roll the ship consider ably. Our protecting floe-berg carried away, the ice moved in, forcing the lighter floe-bergs one after the other, as they became exposed farther in-shore, and at [...]
[...] ſilling up the bay. It happened, unfortunately, that at the very top of high-water a rather insignificant-looking piece of ice pressed against the ship, when the floe-berg in-shore of us, and against which the ship was resting, having floated with the spring tide, allowed itself to be [...]
[...] Discovery, although the two ships have frequently been necessarily within touching distance of each other, and of the ice-cliffs and bergs, this is the only accident of conse quence which occurred during the voyage. The ice closing in ahead, the two ships were made fast inside [...]
[...] In Rawlings Bay, south of Cape Lawrence, icebergs are found for the first time on coming from the northward. All to the northward may be considered as floe.bergs. Few even of the initiated can distinguish one from the other, so like are they ; and certainly any stranger would [...]
[...] Few even of the initiated can distinguish one from the other, so like are they ; and certainly any stranger would be deceived, the floe-bergs being frequently larger than the icebergs. The ice-foot is also totally different, being formed by the pressure of lighter ice, it does not project [...]
[...] Bay; but there we were stopped by three extensive Paleo crystic floes which tozzled in between some grounded bergs, and Cape Victoria prevented the ice from drifting out of Princess Marie Bay. The open water was now in sight from the mast-head, but the supply of coal was [...]
[...] a bird's-eye view of what is below. A correspondent in one of the daily papers advocates the use of steam, and that something like a tramway should be made to the Pole, the floe-bergs being tunnelled if necessary. Another of our correspondents endeavours to show that the ice-masses met with must have been pushed [...]
[...] 377. He made use of observations between July 23 and Sept. 27, taken at Paris, Marseilles, Vienna, Milan, See berg, Bremen, Berlin, and Prague, I Io in number, and finally arrived at an elliptical orbit, with a period of 70-69 years, the probable uncertainty of this result allow [...]
[...] able, and accounts for the muddy water found opposite the entrance of all ice fjords, and the eventual choking up of the channels through which the bergs, broken off from the face of the “Iis-blink” (ice-glance) of the Danes, plough their way on their journey seawards, the direction [...]
[...] brittle Starfish. In Melville Bay, Ascidians, Cirripedes, and seaweed attached to the rocks, do not appear to be often grazed by the bergs, though at times they reap im mense crops of Laminaria, with broken shells of Mya and Saricava, entangled in their leafy masses, torn from a [...]
[...] and Saricava, entangled in their leafy masses, torn from a depth of Ioo fathoms. When the bottom is very hard the berg is brought to a stand, and even when consisting of soft mud or clay the same effect is produced by a berg, moraine or talus being pushed up by the movement of the [...]
[...] of soft mud or clay the same effect is produced by a berg, moraine or talus being pushed up by the movement of the berg. In Davis Straits the bergs are so covered with earthy matter as to resemble rocks, boulders weighing Ioo tons often lying on their surface or frozen into their mass. Sub [...]
[...] often lying on their surface or frozen into their mass. Sub marine banks thrown up in this way constantly increase in size by the clustering of small bergs on them, and form the haunt of shoals of cod and halibut, and myriads of sharks. As the ice melts, brown slime, liberated from [...]
[...] the ice, is rolled into pellets by the ripple of the water, and is deposited in beds near the coast, resembling the berg-mehl of Sweden. Prof. A. E. Nordenskjöld, who accompanied the Swedish Expedition to Greenland in May 1870, describes the water [...]
[...] Society of Naturalists, Sept. 2, 1874.—A number of speci. mens, mainly of ornithological interest, were presented to the Society by Dr. C. Berg, of Buenos Ayres, and others. —Prof. Schweder then spoke at length on self-ignition of hay; he attri butes the first cause of the rise of temperature in bundles of hay [...]
[...] boulders, which Mr. Lamont believes to have been produced by the passage of an iceberg, when the land stood lower than at present. The power of bergs to groove and scoop out hollows has been denied, and it is to be hoped that the [...]
[...] officers of the Arctic Expedition will have opportunities of ascertaining what the usual character of the bottom portion of a berg is, how far it is capable of grooving rocks and excavating hollows in soft sea beds, with or without coming to rest. [...]
[...] Observations as to what extent glaciers can extend into the sea, and push moraines before them without breaking off into bergs, would have great interest, for in this instance the sea must have been deeper during the maximum size of the glacier than now, as bones of whales [...]
[...] front of thirty miles, sweeping in three great arcs, five miles beyond the coast line, terminating in a precipitous wall from 20 to Ioo feet in height, from which bergs are constantly tumbling into the sea, carrying stone and large quantities of clay and stones seawards. The posi [...]
[...] are constantly tumbling into the sea, carrying stone and large quantities of clay and stones seawards. The posi tion of the melting area of such bergs as these, and con sequent deposition of erratic material, is a point of great interest in attempting to unravel the British glacial [...]
[...] that was known on the subject up to the date of its publi cation, and settled for ever the claim of land-ice against ice-bergs to have been the agent that formed the Scotch Till; and now the other comes before us with the goodly volume, whose title stands at the head of this article, and [...]
[...] back; and he gives good reasons for preferring this ex planation to the older notion, which supposed these travellers to have been dropped from ice-bergs during the submergence which came a little later on. As the climate gradually improved, the melting of the [...]
[...] of the Kames the climate had so far mended that glaciers no longer existed, and that therefore there were no ice bergs to strew the sea-bottom with travelled blocks. Erratics are, however, common perched on the outside of the Kames, and hence it is concluded that at some point [...]
[...] in the period of the submergence cold again began to come on, that glaciers reappeared and gave rise to ice bergs which bore away these blocks and dropped them where they are now found. That there was a return to cold conditions we know from other evidence, and with [...]
[...] so constantly failed to detect the presence of spores in his experiments, but there is an apparent reason for Ehren berg's observation of the predominance of animal forms in the atmosphere. His conclusions appear to have been almost entirely founded on the results of the examination [...]
[...] ordinary degree, vexed the coasts of the United States and the navigation of the Atlantic; I allude to fogs, field-ice, and ice bergs. The first have so much interfered with the success of the Nantucket fishermen that but few mackerel have been caught by the seine, the schools cannot be followed, and the [...]
[...] which here is not the case. In the Atlantic, seamen were astonished to find that early in February field-ice and bergs had reached the parallel of Cape Race, and have since been seen as far south as 42° N. lat., drifting to the north-east in the heated waters of the Gulf [...]
[...] when it is borne in mind that for hundreds of square miles the steam and sailing tracks between America and this country are dotted with them. A few of the bergs have been supposed to be three miles in length, and on two occasions steamers passed through or around ice-fields 100 miles in length. It is also [...]
[...] fluid to sink until equilibrium is restored. A better test is the cold, damp feeling of the air, but this is only noticeable when to leeward of the berg or field, and is practically of no value, as the wind passing over the sea-water at 28° will cause a similar sen sation. In some states of the atmosphere the clouds near the [...]
[...] LIFE OF ALEXANDER VON HUM BOLDT. Compiled in Commemoration of the Centenary of his Birth by Herr Julius Löwen BERG, Dr. Robert AvK-LALLEMANT, and Dr. Alfred Dov E. Edited by Professor BRUHNs, Director of the Obser vatory at Leipzig. Translated by JANE and CARoll NE LAssell. [...]
[...] “Feb. 23, lat. 68° 37' N. long., about 65° W., about 3 P.M., the iceberg came into contact with our floe, and in less than one minute it brºke the ice. Again be says, the berg was driſting at the rate of about four knots, and by its force on the mass of ice was pushing the ship before it, as it appeared, to inevitable [...]
[...] an iceberg with its top many feet above the water came drifting up from the south, and passed by them like a shot, although they were stemming a surface current both against the berg and themselves. Such was the force and velocity of the under current, that it carried the berg to the northward faster than the [...]
