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[...] trations from camera-negatives of some of the magnificent cañons on the Colorado River; one of these illustrations gives a fine idea of a rain-sculptured rock at Salt-Creek Cañon, Utah. The atlas which accompanies this Report is a mag [...]
[...] Spectroscopic prévision of Rain with a High Barometer [...]
[...] nary methods of prediction, even in able hands; and let us be lenient to them, for who would or could have expected such deluges of rain with a high barometer, and in the month of uly 2 J $ºw, however, comes an indication of where the spectroscope [...]
[...] smoke ; and when journeying northward by rail on July 16, it was certainly charming to find that in proportion as we left London the rain ceased, the dark spectral band decreased, the clouds (amongst which, by the way, there were some remarkable counter-motions chiefly from north to south) diminished, and by [...]
[...] scopist can have any idea of. Thus far, it is true, we have only had dark nebulous bands in place of fine sharp lines as accompaniments of rain, London rain too, with a high and steady barometer in the pleasant month of July. But mark, if you please, what follows. [...]
[...] And it was this. At 10 P.M. of that very fine day, and with out any sensible falling of the high barometer, the sky clouded over completely. At 11 P.M. settled rain began. At 1.30 A.M. it was still raining, and I have reason to believe that it continued all night. It was certainly still raining in the morning of the [...]
[...] next day, Sunday, and continued more or less all that day and all that night; while this morning, Monday, July 19, after a heavy thunderstorm, fog and heavier rain began and have proved the order of the day. All this with a barometer still nearly uninfluenced in its serene height and steadiness,” but not [...]
[...] series of diagrams in which the actual relation of numerous valleys, gorges, &c., to faults, &c., was pointed out. The various agents of erosion such as sea-water, rain-water, and ice had modified, and in some cases altered, the features due to dis turbance; but the author claimed that a proper regard should [...]
[...] Mohr’s “Victoria Falls of the Zambesi". . . . . 231 LETTERs To the Editor:— Spectroscopic Arévision of Rain with a High Barometer.—By Prof. PIAzzi SMyth . . - - - 231 [...]
[...] The chief causes producing a failure of crops are to be found in the land having too little or too much water, in the failure of the seasonal rains, or in floods from overcharged rivers; to which must be added the wants due to the difficulty of conveying food from places where [...]
[...] how they are to be prevented. Is it possible to be prepared for a failure of the seasonal rains, that is, can we foresee by our present knowledge, that a year, half a year, or even three months hence there will certainly be a great deficiency of rain over a given [...]
[...] a subject for this notice. Failing the foreknowledge required to be prepared for the want of rain, there remains the very practical process of being provided with water, through canals and aque ducts connected with the many perennial sources of India. [...]
[...] Mr. Williams appears to have referred little to the views of Sir Arthur Cotton on this part of the subject, though these are of the highest value. When both rain and aqueducts are wanting, good means of communication with more favoured districts are essential (these are indeed [...]
[...] great extent the possibility of famine. That forests retard the discharge into rivers of the fallen rain, and diminish the height of floods, is a fact now so well known that the planting of trees and the preserva tions of woods, especially on steep slopes, has been [...]
[...] Remarks upon a Hailstorm which passed over Belgaum on April 21, 1876 Anout 1.30 P.M., after some light rain, large hail-stones com menced falling one here and there, and gradually thickening for ten minutes, were followed up by a sharp shower of rain. [...]
[...] decades. The winter was unusually mild, being Io’5 above the average of Iowa winters, while during the third decade of December the excess rose to 19°7. Less than an inch of rain fell in the north-west of the State, but in the central countries the fall was large, amounting to 9-60 inches at Davenport. [...]
[...] Club,” is a conscientious piece of work, evidently got up with the greatest care. The instruments appear to be fairly placed, except the rain-gauge, which is fixed in a faulty position, viz., at the top of a building. The monthly and yearly mean tempera tures have been deduced from the 9 A.M. observations corrected [...]
[...] Norway from July 14 to 20, 1872. From the data before him, Dr. Hamberg concludes that the barometer fell most where the sky was cloudless, and that the fall of heavy rain was generally attended with a rise rather than a fall of the barometer, much in the same way as Dr. Hann has shown to [...]
[...] the other. The sea is about 5” warmer than the air in the autumn, and 3° in the winter, while, the prevailing winds are south-westerly and not felt in their full force. The annual rain fall, on the average of the past ten years, is 28:29 inches, which falls on 167 days.-Notice of upward currents during the forma [...]
[...] stormy weather in Iceland, closing an equally protracted period of stormy weather in West Hebrides, and preceding a storm of wind and rain in the cast of Scotland. ALEXANDER BUCHAN [...]
[...] show the ceaseless waste going on by rain, rivers, sea, frost, and ice. [...]
[...] We will select a few examples from the facts adduxed in proof of the gradual waste of the land. Speaking, of the effect produced by rain, our author says:—“It is not often that the effects of the denuding action of rain can be studied separately or as distinct [...]
[...] cases in the Alps . where columns of indurated mud varying in height from 20ft. to Iooſt, and usually capped by a single stone, have been separated by rain from the terrace of which they once formed a part, and [...]
[...] narrow valleys” (p. 329). “This mud, which is very hard and solid when dry, becomes traversed by vertical cracks after having been moistened by rain, and then dried by the sun. Those portions of the surface which are pro tected from the direct downward action of the rain by [...]
[...] nally buried at great depths” (p. 332). There they stand, a measure of the mass of drift that has been carried away by rain, as workmen sometimes leave a pillar of brickearth or clay here and there over a field to measure the depth of the earth they have removed. [...]
[...] themselves in the same way, and of the ice pillars where the thick stone cap had to keep off the sun instead of the rain. By the courtesy of the publisher we are able to subjoin a sketch given by our author of an isolated stone-capped [...]
[...] In considering the action of rivers, Sir Charles notices how the clearing of forests increases the erosive power of the rain water. Speaking of a ravine in Georgia, he says, [...]
[...] when the trees of the forest were cut down, cracks three feet deep were caused by the sun's heat in the clay, and during the rains a sudden rush of water through the prin cipal crack deepened it at its lower extremity, from whence the excavating power worked backwards till, in the course [...]
[...] In many parts of France the destruction of the woods has proved a source of very great injury, as they caught the rain and parted with it slowly, the roots all the while protecting the soil. But, now that the woods have been cut down, the water runs off at once, scouring away the [...]
[...] number of stations as Mr. Rawson, Yearly means thus deter mined would not of course be comparable, for even in a small island the rainfall varies greatly according to locality. The rain fall in maxima and minima sunspot years cannot be fairly com pared except by taking the same number of gauges and the [...]
[...] radiation; that, therefore, there is a corresponding periodicity of temperature, wind, and rain on our earth ; but that, from various counteracting causes, the observations at some stations will not show a periodicity, while those at a large ma [...]
[...] will not show a periodicity, while those at a large ma jority of stations, and a mean of all the observations, will do so. In short, with respect to rain, the theory assumes that the annual fall over the globe is subject to a variation, cor responding with the sunspot variation, but that from disturbing [...]
[...] nigh proved, as far as observation goes; for, according to Mr. Symons's Table I, there was not, from 1815 to 1864, a single exception to the rule that more rain falls in the maxima years; and if we take the aggregate falls for England and Bar bados from 1843 to 1873, it will be found that there was a large [...]
[...] the globe. They are all I have as yet been able to procure, and they have been published in extenso, so that the evidence they afford may be scrutinised. That evidence is such that if no rain at all had fallen at Barbados in the nine principal maxima years since 1843, and the rain'all in the nine minima years were to be [...]
[...] W. represent the directions indicated, or any point thereof, after which the number of days is given on which it blew from that quarter. IV. The rain of the month is stated in inches. October, 1876.-The morning temperatures ranged from 54°F. to 70° ; midday, from 62° to 80°; and evening, 53° to 72°; [...]
[...] a Glasgow steamer which arrived in the Tagus some days later. II. (a) 57°59, (6)63°-9 (c) 54°09 (d) 70°-98 (e) 46°. III. N. 7 days, S. Io, E. 7, W. 2; of 3 days no record. IV. Rain, Io inches, which fell on 17 days. This was one of the most rainy Novembers for many years. The rainfall of the year 1874 [...]
[...] JANUARY, 1877. –I. (a) 30'18, (6), 39'58, (c) 29'54 inches. II. (a) 52993, (o) 58°-96, (c) 50°8, (d) 65°-66, (e) 44°. III. N. 17, S. 9, E. o, W. 3, calm 2 days. IV. Rain which fell on 14 davs, 7'oo7 inches; from 1st to ioth, 6'669 inches. FEBRUARY, 1877.-I. (a) 30-35, (6) 3o'54, (c) 29-92 inches. [...]
[...] II. (a) 52°, (6) 56°-64, (c) 48°:29, (d) 67°38, (e) 42°-9 (the lowest temperature of the seven months). ... III. N. 25, S, I, E: I, W. o, calm 1 day. IV. Rain, which fell on 2 days, 1 28 inches. [...]
[...] MARCH, 1877. – I. (a) 29.94, (6) 30-39, (c) 29°36 inches. II. (a) 47°-63, (b) 59°34, (c) 48°5, (d) 71°6, (e) 43°3, III. N. Io, S. 9, E. 1, W. 6, calm I, of 4 days no record. IV. Rain, which ſell on 13 days, 2°5 inches. APRIL, 1877.-I. (a) 29-92 (b) 30:13, (c) 29'60 inches. II. [...]
[...] S. 8, E. 1, W. 11, 2 days unrecorded. IV. Rain in 17 days, # would draw the attention of those threatened with bronchial or pulmonary complaints to this locality as a winter and spring [...]
[...] live rattle-snake can “play up " his rattle in the very wettest of wet weather. I have taken them alive on two occasions in the midst of a heavy rain, and I could discover no difference in their rattling powers. It is true, however, that rattle-snakes are seldom found in low moist places; they frequent, by preference, [...]
[...] SUN-SPOTS AND RAIN FALL OF CALCUTTA.— Mr. E. Douglas Archibald, of Naini Tal, has written an in teresting letter to The Englishman, the leading Calcutta [...]
[...] DROUGHT IN CANADA.—An unusual drought has pre vailed in Canada during the past spring. Little rain having fallen for ten weeks, the waters of the Ottawa and St. Maurice, two of the principal lumbering rivers, have [...]
[...] current was met by the aeronaut. The balloon was carried at a rate of 500 metres per minute to the north east of Paris. In the night 8 millimetres of rain fell, the upper current having descended into contact with the ground. A GERMAN Society for the Exploration of Palestine has [...]
[...] Air and Rain. By R. A. Smith, Ph.D., F.R.S., General Inspector of Alkali Works. (Longmans, 1872.) [...]
[...] In speaking of the proportion of carbonic acid in the air, the author bases certain considerations (p. 11) upon the assumption that this gas is washed out by falling rain. But is this supposition exactly confirmed by experiment? Saussure, it is true, thought that he could detect a [...]
[...] She was remarkably healthy, never was ill, and was troubled with no fear of the air in which she stood.” From the air to the rain which falls through it, is but a single step ; for if, as our author says, there is life and death in the air, we must believe the same of the rain, [...]
[...] which collects the solids and liquids, gases and vapours which float about in the atmosphere. These ingredients of rain water can, indeed, be shown by chemical analysis; and by the microscope distinctions may be drawn between the air of various localities, without putting the health to [...]
[...] had enlightened us as to the great reservoir of life which exists in our atmosphere. In 1852 Dr. Smith showed how complicated a fluid rain is. However carefully col lected, albuminous bodies, the remains of living creatures, and minute animalculae, may invariably be detected [...]
[...] to do it.” Through the kindness of a number of gentlemen, Dr. Smith was enabled to make numerous collections of rain water from as far north as the Hebrides and as far west as Valentia. The results of the samples of the analysis [...]
[...] as the decomposition of organic matter contained in protein substances. When the sulphuric acid increases more rapidly than the ammonia, the rain-water becomes acid, and when the amount of this free acid reaches two or three grains in a gallon, or forty parts in a million, [...]
[...] acids are not found with certainty where combustion or manuſactures are not the cause. The amount of ammonia cal salts in the rain water increases with the number of towns in the district. This ammonia comes partly from the coal, and partly from the decomposition of albuminoid [...]
[...] substances, which, indeed, may also be detected in the rain water. It is very interesting to compare the relative purity of the atmospheres of our cities and large towns, as determined by this method of air-washing. Upon the [...]
[...] The Warm Rain Band in the Daylight Spectrum [...]
[...] perhaps should have been if furnished with better instruments, yet for weeks and weeks past I have scanned the sky, not only when it was heavily clouded, but also when rain was actually falling with west, south-west, and north-east winds, and some times during dense, wet fogs, , when very little daylight at [...]
[...] pressures. Yet, under all these circumstances, I put the spectroscope back into its box after each trial with the assurance that no rain-band had then been shown by it. This morning, however, and under a barometer not low, viz., 29-8 British inches, the band exhibited itself instantly; [...]
[...] the College, and who, after his day's work there was going home to indulge in the amenities of horticulture, that his flowers were certain of presently having the luxury of warm rain. Such rain, too, did begin, within an hour of that interview, with large heavy drops, and the evening has ended with almost [...]
[...] Such rain, too, did begin, within an hour of that interview, with large heavy drops, and the evening has ended with almost a soaking rain. It is rather too soon to attempt fully to describe the spectrum appearance, much less to explain it, before I have had the privi [...]
[...] exquisitely visible. But as the sun is seldom to be seen in any weather threatening rain, whether warm or cold, in fact, cannot be consulted precisely at those times when he is most wanted, it is better to restrict such pluvio-spectroscopy to ordinary sky, i.e., clouds or air; and [...]
[...] with it, giving to the south-east winds here a slight approach to the quality of the siroccos of the Mediterranean, which are often transfused with fine dust along with their warm rain, and do produce some very noteworthy markings in the spectrum, is a matter for further and wider research by those who are instru [...]
[...] On the exchanges of ammonia between natural waters and the atmosphere, by M. Schloesing. Having previously studied the exchanges in rain, dew, fog, he here deals with snow and hoarfrost. The aqueous vapour and ammonia of the air, after having probably a common origin, the sea, are precipitated together, but in very [...]
[...] LRTTERs to the Editor:— New Laurentian Fossil.—Dr. WILLIAM B. CARPENTER. F. R. S. . "g Warm Rain Band in the Daylight Spectrum.—Prof. Piazzi *YTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limestone Makers.-Prof. P. MARTIN DUNcAN, F.R.S. . 9 [...]
[...] lights of the second class, but on a few occasions there were a few rays of the first associated with them; on wet nights they made the rain-ciouds or mist of a reddish purplish colour; tints of which could be seen in some of the excessively dark nights we had in November. On many occasions they were late in the [...]
[...] alive for months. In the same way the eggs of the rabbit's tape-worm probably remain in the animal's droppings till set free in rain as ciliated embryos. As the rabbit feeds on the vegetation watered by such rain, there is no difficulty in understanding how the embryos [...]
[...] every other known district of the kind far into the shade, but to furnish proofs of the potency of river-excavation, which even the keenest advocates for the power of rain and rivers at first hesitated to believe. Since that Report appeared, however, additional and confirmatory illus [...]
[...] pages without a conviction that he correctly regards the tinuous process in which air, rain, frosts, and rivers have whole erosion of the Colorado region as one vast con- been the main agents. [...]
[...] into the sea by rivers and rains, and are constantly floating on the surface of the ocean far from land. Third.—That the clayey matter in deposits far from land is [...]
[...] mum at 2 P.M., the dryness of the climate being thus very great. A humidity of only 17 was observed at Sandheim on February 12, at 2 P.M. Rain fell from February 1 to 4, thunder was heard on the second, and during next night o'48 inch of rain ſell, soaking the sand of the desert to a depth of about five inches—an amount [...]
[...] the second, and during next night o'48 inch of rain ſell, soaking the sand of the desert to a depth of about five inches—an amount of rain of rare occurrence in the district. The prevailing winds are north-westerly, those having the highest percentages being W. 16, N.W. 34, and N. 27, or 77 per cent. Warm springs [...]
[...] be of such a character as to be suitable for the preparation of synoptic charts, and to embrace, whenever practicable, at least atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind, rain, wet-bulb thermo meter, sea-swell, and weather daily, on board every vessel in com mission, and at every naval station of the United States at 7.35 [...]
[...] and 18 per cent, after seven, eight, nine, or ten days.-The observations of MM. Fautrat and Sartiaux, by which it appeared that more rain fell within than without the forest of Halatte, are objected to on account of the disturbing influence of wind, which blows less stongly at the one position, six metres above tree-tops, [...]
[...] mutual reaction they give iodine and water. Jan. 12.-Mr. R. Angus Smith, F.R.S., vice-president, in the chair.--On the action of rain to calm the sea, by Prof. Osborne Reynolds, M.A. There appears to be a very general belief amongst sailors that rain tends to calm the sea, or, as I have often [...]
[...] Reynolds, M.A. There appears to be a very general belief amongst sailors that rain tends to calm the sea, or, as I have often heard it expressed, that rain soon knocks down the sea. With out attaching very much weight to this general impression, my object in this paper is to point out an effect of rain on failing [...]
[...] into water which I believe has not been hitherto noticed, and which would certainly tend to destroy any wave motion there might be in the water. When a drop of rain falls on to water the Splash or rebound is visible enough, as are also the waves which diverge from the point of contact; but the effect caused [...]
[...] being all of the same colour, there is nothing to show the inter change of place which may be going on. There is, however, a very considerable effect produced. If instead of a drop of rain we let fall a drop of coloured water, or, better still, if we colour the topmost layer of the water, this effect becomes apparent. [...]
[...] and through a curtain ring until it was full. It is probable that the momentum of these rings corresponds very nearly with that of the drops before impact, so that when rain is falling on to water there is as much motion immediately beneath the surface as above it, only the drops, so to speak, are much larger and their [...]
[...] particles move backwards and forwards in a horizontal direction, and this motion diminishes as we proceed downwards from the surface. Therefore in this case the effect of rain-drops will be the same as in the case considered above, namely, to convey the motion which belongs to the water at the surface down into the [...]
[...] motion which belongs to the water at the surface down into the lower water where it has no effect so far as the waves are con cerned, and hence the rain would diminish the motion at the sur face, which is essential to the continuance of the waves, and thus destroy the waves.—On the stone mining tools from Alderley [...]
[...] IN NATURE of the 15th there is an account of hailstones of a form deviating considerably from the spherical. Hailstones are frozen raindrops, and a rain-drop falling through a vacuum would of necessity be spherical, but in falling through the air it must tend to assume the form of least resistance, whatever that [...]
[...] menon occurred in Newfoundland, some of the old weather wise settlers would tell me to expect falling weather (snow or rain) on the following day, as the Northern Lights were in the south. But I am sorry to say that I did not note how often the Aurora appeared as above, but I did note that snow fell on [...]
[...] The “Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’’ contains the next later obser vation : “A.D. 685.-This year it rained blood in Britain, and milk and butter were turned into blood.: The Chron. Scot. follows with: “A.D. 688. –The moon was turned into the colour of blood on [...]
[...] Britain, and in Ireland.” “A.D. 689.- . . . . a battle against the son of Penda. Bloody rain fell in Lagenia.” (Chron. Scot.) “A.D. 690.- . . . the milk and butter turned to blood.” (Brut y Tywy.) [...]
[...] We now come to a most perplexing record of phenomena, which cannot, I am afraid, be explained; they occurred in “A.D. 714.— . . . it rained a shower of honey upon Othan " See NATURE, December 8, 1870. + Published under the direction of the Master of the Rolls. Translated by [...]
[...] W. M. Hennessy, M. R.I.A., 1806. : Showers of Blood are mentioned as having taken place in Tit. Liv. Book 42, Sect. 20. It says: “There was a report ºf it having rained blood for hree days at a town in Italy.' And in Pliny, Book 2, Chap. 56, “It rained blood when M. Acilius and C. Persius were Consuls." [...]
[...] ... it rained blood in the island of [...]
[...] say what this record really means, especially when it states that the Loch became “clots of gore.” “A.D. 878. –It rained a shower of blood, which was ſound in lumps of gore, and blood on the plains of Ciannachta. . . .” (Chron. Scot.) [...]
[...] drawing to and fro by the Suras and Asuras, a cºntinual streat of fire, and smoke, and wind, which, ascending in thick clouds replete with lightning, it began to rain down upon the heaven'y bands, who were already fatigued with their labour." [...]
[...] of it ; and as the Aurora, which has been seen in England this year, was also visible in India, I think it not at all unlikely that “a continual stream of fire,” which “began to rain down,” is a record of a similar extensive phenomenon. [...]
