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[...] War and the Weather; or, The Artificial Production of Rain. By E. Powers, C.E. (Chicago: S. C. Griggs & Co. 1871).-The author affirms it to be the duty of Government to cause some experiments to be made to de [...]
[...] Powers, C.E. (Chicago: S. C. Griggs & Co. 1871).-The author affirms it to be the duty of Government to cause some experiments to be made to de termine whether rain cannot be produced by the discharge of artillery. To prove this opinion, two hundred battles and salutes followed by rain are re ferred to, scattered over the four quarters of the globe, along with some [...]
[...] score of campaigns and sieges during which it was unusually rainy. These battles occupy the bulk of the book. At the close is a discussion of the best arrangement of the cannon by which Government is to furnish rain for the victims of drought and fire. The only strong point in the argument is the sequence of rain after certain Mexican battles during the dry season in that [...]
[...] sequence of rain after certain Mexican battles during the dry season in that country. But the author ſails to perceive the importance of showing pre cisely how infrequent rain is during the dry season. A brief table of the sta tistics of the monthly rain-fall near Monterey and Buena Vista during the twenty years since the war, would furnish the material for an easy calcula [...]
[...] tistics of the monthly rain-fall near Monterey and Buena Vista during the twenty years since the war, would furnish the material for an easy calcula tion of the chances against the rain having been accidental after those battles. Such a table would be worth more than the fifty pages of “documents” in the appendix, which are letters from army officers attesting that rain followed [...]
[...] to, which gives the book a peculiar appearance inside): “ . . June 21, 1862: ‘Suddenly a brisk fire of musketry ran along Hooker's front, followed by artillery' and [next day] ‘we have had a few drops of rain since dark.” On the day after, also, there were “showers of rain with a little thunder.’” We are not told but that “a brisk fire of musketry" ran along somebody's [...]
[...] pliments to troops (to the Russian infantry at Eylau !) Instead of all this, why does it never occur to the author to tell the calibre of the heaviest guns used in a given case, or whether the sky looked like rain before the first dis charge : Why is it that only five of Bonaparte's battles are alluded to ? Were all the others followed by fair weather - [...]
[...] Were all the others followed by fair weather - The most notable blunder in the book occurs under the caption Waterloo. “Waterloo, as all know, was fought in a pouring rain, brought on, without doubt, by the battles of Ligny and Gemappes, which preceded it.” Now, the fact is that Waterloo fell on a clear day (though in deep mud from the rain [...]
[...] up the weather after Waterloo, though so conspicuously parading its name ! Had he known, he would surely have informed us, that thirty-six hours after the battle a long rain set in. The respectability of all Mr. Powers's other tes timony is compromised by this carelessness. The weather records in the appendix are worthless, because disconnected. The conclusion, then, is that [...]
[...] timony is compromised by this carelessness. The weather records in the appendix are worthless, because disconnected. The conclusion, then, is that though a casual connection between firing and rain may exist, our author has not been accurate enough to justify Government in appropriating money to experiment about it. Moreover, it might be doubted whether an agricultural [...]
[...] The sale on Thursday, the seventh day, opened with a comparatively small attendance, and with but dull bidding, for which the rain was probably responsible. Among the im ported works offered from the catalogue of [...]
[...] rain continuing, the poor attendance of Thurs day did not materially improve Friday or Saturday. On the former day, the consign [...]
[...] I. FORMS OF WATER, In Clouds, Rain, Rivers, Ice, and Glaciers. By Prof. John TYNDALL, LL.D., F.R.S. [...]
[...] men maps of observations taken simultaneously all over the world, and also maps indicating for each month at each station within the United States which wind is most likely to be followed by rain, and which by fair weather. But these maps are more brilliant than serviceable, partly because of the va riableness of the interval at which rain follows rain-bearing winds, and partly [...]
[...] sea-breezes at this season and land-winds in winter. For example : in Eastern Massachusetts, in May and June, a SW wind is almost sure to bring rair, but the wind often changes to NW or even NE before this rain arrives; and the SW wind blows so infrequently compared with the SE sea breeze, that the plurality of rainfall occurs during the latter wind; [...]
[...] and the SW wind blows so infrequently compared with the SE sea breeze, that the plurality of rainfall occurs during the latter wind; and therefore the latter is stated as the rain-bearing wind for Boston in May, in spite of the fact that a plurality of SE observations precede fair weather, while almost all SW winds are advancing portions cf [...]
[...] the signification of diſſerent tints. This changeableness should be ended. We would also suggest that when a rainfall is recorded for every station on the Pacific Coast in a given month, the rain-tint should cover the coast States continuously, instead of being confined to a small circle around each station, conveying the impression of drought elsewhere, as in Northern [...]
[...] rial belt of rainfall, of which the North American belt just described is merely an offshoot, which partially affects the Gulf States in July. When we say that the heaviest rains which occur in February are in South Carolina, it must not be inferred that in South Carolina February is the rainiest month ; on the contrary, everywhere summer is the rainy season [...]
[...] tation has taken place in the summer half of the year, from May 1 to November 1. Of these nine, three are the Tennessee stations. It would be hasty to infer from this any local peculiarity in Tennessee relative to rain fall, because the books so abound in errors that no conclusions other than very general ones are warrantable. The proof-reading has probably been [...]
[...] brick of inferior quality, the glass defective, the ornamental work unsightly—everything charged for as first-rate may be in fact second-rate, and yet the edifice will keep the rain out and house its official occupants. Good citizens will be mortified at its poor con dition, and good taste will be offended at its tawdry or shabby ap [...]
[...] found helpful: 1. The sky begins to be often hazy. 2. The temperature never falls below 45°. 3. The temperature is lowest with SE winds, instead of, as during the preceding six months, with NW winds. 4. Rains usually begin with the wind at SW, and clear off with the wind at NE, instead of beginning with wind at SE and clearing off at NW. 5. The [...]
[...] instead of beginning with wind at SE and clearing off at NW. 5. The regular breeze of clear weather is from ESE, instead of WNW. G. Snow becomes impossible. 7. Rain comes from the lower clouds, and therefore much more rain falls from the same amount of cloud (so that the intervals of fair weather are longer); whereas, previously, rain fell from higher [...]
[...] —The Hungarian transit expedition met with a droll mishap, or rather series of mishaps, at Klausenburg. In the first place, the weather was bad, a nasty rain prevailing for days till the night before the transit ; then the battery for their chronograph would not work. However, when the day came they managed to get their telescopes in position, their photographic [...]
[...] by the number of fingers he laid on the table : Mr. Watkinson, the wealthy member of the congregation, who walked on wet days, tall and erect, in pattens, protected from the rain by the newly-invented article-- an umbrella : Mr. Meeking, the good-natured, fresh-colored baker, of whose hot toast, “thick heaped and sodden with butter,” Mrs. Gilbert at the [...]
[...] ultaneous transfer from the continents to the oceans of the regions of ascend ing warmer air, is the same as the cause of the movement of the equatorial belt of low barometer and rains southward in ſall and northward in spring, viz., a change in the position of greatest relative heat. The temperature of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (owing to their capacity for absorbing heat and [...]
[...] coast lines in these extreme-seasons. This difference is so great as to cause a constant ascension of air over the oceans in winter and over the conti ments in summer, accompanied by low pressure and rain; constant rain over the mid-oceans, occasional rains only (because of less material for evapora tion) over the continents. In the transitional seasons the difference is less [...]
[...] from the oceans to the continents of the region of descending cold air illus trates the principle that all influences conspire to help the winning side, em bodied in the maxim, “It never rains but it pours.” The change in the pre ponderance of temperature comes on so gradually that practically some decisive proximate cause is always the immediate occasion for the movement [...]
[...] of Minnesota we find a marked difference between it and the climate of the seaboard States. Its distance from the coast gives it a comparatively dry winter: it has a winter rain-fall of but two inches, including melted snow, while “the Northern coast States have a winter fall of ten inches of moisture.” On comparing entire years, we find that the whole rain-fall of [...]
[...] moisture.” On comparing entire years, we find that the whole rain-fall of Minnesota is not more than half of that recorded in the coast States, the major part of the rain-fall being in the summer. This much is incontestable; but the controlling question is, How far is the rain-fall of a given climate prejudicial to health Moist climates are [...]
[...] Dr. Bowditch has shown the powerful influence of damp soil and of exces sive shade in fostering this disease; but that it is induced by the amount of the annual rain-fall, or the amount of vapor held in solution by the free current of the atmosphere, is a point which we have never seen proved, and which our own observation of facts leads us to question, if not to deny. [...]
[...] A Series of Familiar Dissertations on Life in cther Worlds; Comets and the Sun ; the North Pole: Rain ; Danger from Lightning; Growth and Decay of Mind; the Brain and Mental Feats; Automata, etc. To which is ap [...]
[...] tacle may be profoundly affected thereby, are proved by the different effects, in kind and degree, which follow the application of different sub stances. Drops of rain-water, like single momentary touches of a solid body, produce no effect, as indeed they could be of no advantage ; but a little carbonate of ammonia in the water, or an infusion of meat, not only [...]
[...] dilute solutions by a gland. As our author remarks: “All physiologists admit that the roots of plants absorb the salts of ammonia brought to them by the rain ; and fourteen gallons of rain-water [i.e., early rain-water] con tain a grain of ammonia; therefore, only a little more than twice as much as in the weakest solution employed by me. The fact which appears truly [...]
[...] penetrate from 100 to 150 feet. The difficulty of insufficient water then commences.” The discussion of this subject refers more particularly to the eastern half of the State. The rain-fall, which is ample in the eastern counties, where it is 33 inches annually, gradually decreases towards the west, as Mr. Curley's investigations prove. On page 260 he states that [...]
[...] A Series of Familiar Dissertations on Life in other Worlds: Comets and the Sun; the North Pole; Rain; Danger from Lightning; Growth and Decay of Mind; the Brain and Mental Feats; Automata, etc. To which is ap [...]
[...] likely to be functionless. Mr. Darwin ascertained by direct experiment that they promptly absorb carbonate of ammonia, both in watery solution and in vapor. So, since rain-water usually contains a small percentage of ammonia, a use for these glands becomes apparent—one completely congruous with that of absorbing any animal matter, or products of its decomposition, [...]
[...] southern, are open-mouthed ; and, although they certainly secrete some liquid when young, must derive most of the water they ordinarily contain from rain. How insects are attracted is unknown, but the water abounds with their drowned bodies and decomposing remains. In the more southern S. flava the long and trumpet-shaped pitchers [...]
[...] In the more southern S. flava the long and trumpet-shaped pitchers evidently depend upon the liquid which they themselves secrete, although at maturity, when the hood becomes erect, rain may somewhat add to it. This species, as we know, allures insects by a peculiar sweet exudation within the orifice; they fall in and perish, though seldom by drowning, yet [...]
[...] States are similar in these respects. There is another, S. psittacina, the parrot-headed species, remarkable for the cowl-shaped hood so completely inflexed over the mouth of the small pitcher that no rain can possibly en ter. Little is known of its efficiency as a fly-catcher ; but its conformation has a morphological interest, leading up as it does to the Californian type of [...]
[...] pitcher-plants in its adaptations for the capture of insects. The inflated and mottled lid or hood overarches the ample orifice of the tubular pitcher sufficiently to ward off the rain, but not to obstruct the free access of flying insects. Flies, ants, and most insects glide and fall from the treach erous smooth throat into the deep well below, and never escape. They are [...]
[...] his “Cosmos,' that in Honda, 436 miles from the volcano, explosions like the sound of cannon were heard. In the seventh eruption, April 4, 1768, the shocks and the rain of earth extended from Popayan to Guayaquil— distance 456 miles. Quito and other towns were plunged in complete darkness from 9 A.M. to 1 P.M., the horror of the situation being aggra [...]
[...] the consternation that reigned among them on seeing their churches closed, all divine service suspended, even the august ceremonies for the interment of the dead. Shortly after a rain of earth and other phe nomena which herald an eruption began to appear, and, as Dr. Wolf says, these signs are always more reliable than those that precede an [...]
[...] circumstance that could increase its horror—utter darkness in the broad day, thunder and lightning, fearful explosions that made the earth trem ble, subterranean noises and wild gusts of wind accompanied by a rain of ashes. An eye-witness told me that the volcano poured out a cataract ten times the bulk of Niagara, which carried all before it in its headlong [...]
[...] ritory of the Amazon. - Although the surroundings of Quito have been laid waste, the city itself only suffered from a rain of ashes and a complete darkness, which began on the 26th of June, at three in the afternoon. At Machache and other places the night lasted for thirty consecutive hours. In the midst [...]
[...] turned into ashes so fine and impalpable that they penetrated not only into apartments, but into the most carefully-closed receptacles. In the depth of the darkness, men and women, braving the rain of ashes, sallied forth into the streets, screening themselves with umbrellas and lighting their way with lanterns, and all the while these strange apparitions rent the [...]
[...] although they afforded but scant protection against the subtle powder, which it was remembered had in many cases produced blindness during the eruption of 1843 and the rain of ashes of thirty hours which at tended it. From the outset the people had unanimously ascribed the disaster to [...]
